fresco painting

fresco painting

And fresh meaning in Italian
And a kind of fresco painting on plasterThat has not dried yet, and here came the labelAny soft gypsum
Revealed that the research carried out al fresco on a wall coveredA layer of gypsum by dryPaints and water colors by the colors so pale frescoAs a result of absorption of gypsum have
Often puts the artist on the technical design classBy the surface and then selectExternal lines of the various forms of watercolorIt then put layers of gypsum sizesThe small Ptleuenha before drying up and supportedSizes appropriate colors compatibleWork with her, then leaves to interact calcium saltIn the plaster with the second hand of a carbon .1.1In the atmosphere to form a layer above the footage colorsInstall it and make it an integral part of the surface and givePurity distinctive colors,The colors used in the al fresco in the form of layersAnd non-transparent thin darkWith chalky landscape is characterized by acts of al frescoRenaissance in the color saturated.I have known since the time of human prehistory, it Vzen Khovh then Mkabrh temples and carvings reflect the beliefs and traditions,
As time evolved these patterns in style and equipment development of man himself in the concepts and emotions and broad-mindedness, and they began the old trip evolution of these Beginner forms primitive carved on the walls of Khovh and emulated by the nature that came to art school and a clear stable staff distinct in style.The inscriptions on the whole, now called from a technological standpoint Aljdraah name inscriptions, or the art of mural painting.Photo caves in prehistoric times:Some scholars tend to believe that the motive for a person who lived in prehistoric times to shoot some animals or some people on the walls of caves, which was taken from a house is the fear of the shadow, who noted that he always followed, but mocks it, and imitate the movements. According to these scholars that this man might think that depicting these objects, which she shared living and terrified by the apprehension of which he proves in his shadow and signed under his control.Another view considers it to be that the purpose of shooting the animals on the roof of the caves may be linked to the ritual hunting and the desire to control the animal, hence the use of all the surfaces of the walls and repeat deliberate over some images up in some of the topics to the crowd, and it seems that such caves The picture serves as the structures used by rights on certain occasions in order to add more to the walls of pictures of animals, this may indicate a desire to continue, such as numbers of these animals are abundant in their area.Mural painting in the artist:He has left us with the ancient Egyptian heritage immortal as dedicated themselves to decorate the walls of tombs and temples, as well as ceilings and columns with images representing their gods different Mabboudathm the many religious rituals and myths of their holy Nakecoha drilling with the embodiment forms accurately and paper meticulously over the surfaces of stone, or painted brightly Nadharh layer smooth of I call it a soft mortar lining .1.1 T. materializing with the walls painted sometimes forms on this layer of mortar and impressive and surprising.The continued use of this method in the Greco-Roman and Coptic era, and continued to flourish until the eighteenth century AD, images of saints in the domes and walls and monasteries and in the remains of ancient churches are the most important frescos in the Middle Ages Early Christianity such as the structure of the old church, outstanding monastery of St. Jeremiah at Saqqara, and monasteries Red, white, Sohag, and Wadi Natrun monasteries and oases Kharga and tombs of Nubia, and St. Simon Basson, Derry and St. Paul and St. Anthony. It is a wonderful art style al fresco and tempera other way.Will take the idea of ​​the techniques used in the art of mural painting through the ages historical, and even now.Wall imaging methods in historical times the overall composition of the board of Photography:Panel consists of any filming of the three key elements are:Pregnant [color = blue] Support [/ color]Floor imaging [color = blue] Painting Ground [/ color]Coloring layer [color = blue] Paint Layer [/ color]First, pregnantThe walls of ancient buildings is the same, and may be of sandstone or limestone or brick buildings.Second floor of Photography:They are mostly made up of two layers are [color = blue] forth the Interior [color = blue] Rough Coat [/ color] - and the lining of Foreign Affairs [color = blue] Coat of Plaster [/ color]]. The purpose of the inner lining: is to cover the surfaces of the walls and settled and hide the flaws, the lining of Foreign Affairs is to get on the surface of the record in an appropriate way to approach photography artist who wants his followers.Third: coloring layer:Is the class where the pigment Pigment attached to the surface of the lining external mediator Loney, and the imaging method depends on the type of mediator.Imaging methods AljdraaFirst, tempera method [color = blue] The Tempra Technique [/ color]We use this method and still continue until now - what is known as the Coptic art - photo on the walls and paintings on wood and on the other pregnant women, after adequate preparation preparation. We find that all the pictures on the walls of ancient Egyptian tombs and temples, on papyrus and wood of this kind. In this preparation method is first ground shoot dry completely, then the artist depicts the coloring materials mixed mediator of the adhesive to dissolve in water, such as gum arabic or animal glue or egg white "egg yolk".Imaging characteristics of Baltmbra:1. Does not show the brush marks only if the errors artist and photography images on the ground before Ajafaha completely.2. Color can be removed completely with water, or can at least weaken the cohesion floor once the water on it .... That, in the case of the use of egg white (yolk) as a mediator is very difficult to remove the color with water, especially after a long time. Perhaps the most striking example is the wall reliefs Bani Hassan tombs.Photography is divided into two types Baltmbra: tempera and watercolor tempera egg whites, but they share together in the conditions and characteristics.Second, al fresco style [color = blue] Fresco Technique [/ color]:Is characterized by steadily imaging Balfiresco colors very much, so can not be removed with water. In this method of imaging the artist color the landscape on the floor of the soft, fresh lime slurry Fresco, and without using any medium of color ... Ie, without color mixing powders mediator of adhesive, as is the case in imaging Baltmbra.And the scientific basis for the filming style al fresco is a union of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which Bhedro .1.1 by calcium in the lime slurry to be a non-calcium carbonate soluble in water, according to the following chemical equation: [Color = blue] Ca (oH) 2 + Co Ca Co3 + H2o [/ color]As the artist is the process of coloring and ground is still soft, the grains of powder color micro-fine integrated into the layer of mortar, overlap in the pores and are connected by entirely linked by calcium carbonate, which leads to not affected by water or intravenously water, like calcium carbonate non-soluble in water.After we explained the basic idea in photography style al fresco, and why keep colors fixed and does not dissolve in water or affected by it, we will talk about the present method in the imaging of this technique to the public, we can imagine together the way followed by the artist's old shoot this way, namely as follows:1. Extinguished burning quicklime and then talk directly Bmnakhl Sift the flour of the wire holes for relieving them of gravel, which may be present it.2. Hydrated lime is transferred after Nakhleh directly into barrels of tin or plastic and add the water free of salt and leave a little water, then drain and add the water last, and so to be rid of him than salts.3. After it is dissolved salts covering the surface of hydrated lime, a little water and then close the barrel lid tightly so as not to leak to a CO .1.1 by carbon from the air and left that way long enough to mature completely.4. Wash the right amount of sand several times until it is thawed it out of the salts, and leave to dry.5. Sand mixed with lime-free hydrated salts mature by 2: 1 mixture is kneaded with water free of salts Ajna well.6. Sprinkle the surface of the wall, which must be free of salts, light mortar strength of fine sand free from salt, cement and left to harden the cement mortar, concrete splash and then washed thoroughly with water to be eliminated as the salts.7. Combine powdered pigments with water free of salt and left to the whole night until mingle together perfectly.8. V .1.1 Z splash of lime cement mortar former surface processing and settled well. The artist must take into account that this layer of lime mortar is the ultimate ground of the painting, which wants to portray.9. Sign painting on a layer of lime mortar round soft brush smooth and without pressure on the soft ground, if it was possible to implement the imaging plate, all in one day before the dry ground.10. The coloring process take place after the signing of drawing a direct color mixing powders, and to begin shooting from the top to the bottom in one direction and quickly. And must be carried out coloring tip brush and without pressure on the soft layer of mortar.11. In the case of inability to perform each painting in one day, it must prepare the ground for fresh soft part, which will be filmed day by day, as if an independent panel. In this case, must be located in parts of the seam is visible in the painting, which is usually when some of the features of the selected lines is not in the large colored areas.12. Is the work of frills four weeks after the imaging plate. Commonly used in the process of casein colors frills, and it shall be the frills to a minimum.We will display some of the paintings left by our ancestors the Egyptians through the different eras of Egyptian history.[Color = blue] Reference: [/ color]1. Shaheen Abdel Moez: restoration and maintenance of buildings of archaeological and historical - some awareness of contemporary civilization - a series of archaeological and historical culture, the book project per cent (24)2. A. D / Radwan on: Guidelines for the prehistoric and early dynastic period in Egypt3. Victor Girgis Awad Allah, the Coptic Museum, paintings - icons, the Public Authority for Imperative Printing Affairs 0.19654. Joseph Nassif diameter, mural painting "wall in"  Mural painting  in the Coptic era, an article from "Journal of the Institute of Coptic Studies" - Volume V, i 1, the Institute of Coptic Studies 0.2005

Francisco José de Goya

Francisco José de Goya


Francisco de Goya (Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes; 30 مارس 1746 - Apr 16 1828) was a painter and a discussion of Spain, p .1.1 art, political and social unrest in his time. Include its very impressive pictures of the Spanish nobility and "the third of May / Mace 1808" (1814).Born in the town of Francisco Goya, Spain, in Fuendettodos March 30, 1746. Began to fame in 1775 with the first 60 cartoon image of the Privy factory fabrics in Santa Barbara. In 1780 was chosen for the Royal Academy in Madrid, and in 1786 was appointed painter to Charles III. By the year 1799 and under the patronage of Charles IV, became the artist's most successful and most modern in Spain; portrait of the famous "Family of Charles IV," was painted at this time (1800). His portrait and the famous erotic "Makha bare" and "Makha .1.1 and his pain" (about 1800 to 1805) summoned him for questioning and investigation in 1815. After the disease made him permanently deaf in the decade 1790, and his face and realistic juxtaposition of a large caricature. Cabritshus eighty of his paintings (or "freaks"; published in 1799), the editions of satirical attack the abuses of religious, social, political, represented a landmark achievement in the history of printing. When Napoleon invaded Spain (1808 to 1815), Goya produced a series of etching the eighty-second "Disasters of War" (1810 to 1820). He settled in Bordeaux, France, in 1824, and resigned as a royal painter in 1826, and began work in lithography. Had no direct followers, but his impact on the art of the nineteenth century European significantly. He died in Bordeaux in April 16, 1828.

Rembrandt

Rembrandt

Rembrandt (Dutch: Rembrandt) and its original name Harmnastason van Reyn (Harmenszoon Van Rijn) lived (1606 - 1669, Amsterdam) is a Dutch painter, settled in Amsterdam in 1631 AD since. Given the expressive power of the great characteristic of his work and his paintings are personal, as well as knowledge of scientific theories of light and shadows, as well as the noble human values ​​of his thoughts and personal reflections on the fate of the human race, all of these factors is made ​​within the senior professors of the art of Western painting. Had during his life like a large, well known for his work by Arashm gold leaf (three trees, cut Florent percent cash; Jesus promises to the people).

Among his works of art famous and preserved in the Museum of irrigation .1.1 Moszeom in Amsterdam: The Mother of Rembrandt (1660); a tour of the night (1662); St. Peter (1660); agents Jawakhun (1662) Fiancee Judaism (1665), and other works preserved in the Louvre : on the road to Emmaus (?); Hendricaih Stovels (h. 1562); Bicba House or seven (1654); bull Slasher (1655); self-portrait (1660).

the art of Sculpture

Sculpture* Sculpture: - Sculpture is different in style from the rest of the arts, he does not deal with flat shapes such as photography, but includes a three-dimensional forms of the same three dimensions, we find that fun art relevant to the workSculpture does not come through viewing only, but by texture and motion stereo is also a sculptor works with his hands that are more capable means to transfer a sense of higher technical touch, in addition to use it to raw materials which are transported to our sense of realism figure carved These materials: marble, polished wood and steel.[Color = red] * sculpture and other arts: [/ color]Relate to all the arts together in spite of their differences and the fact that the core being inserted under the general term called the name of art gives it the character of the link or the Union in addition to other personnel, where we find that the arts are closely related to each of:1 - in terms of quality.2 - in terms of the functional purpose that is, it can result in a kind of art and function of another type of any exchange of the functions and purposes: Vamarh predominantly decorative and may have a character graphic as in the mosques and palaces, has united the art of sculpture with architecture since time immemorial.[Color = red] * uses sculpture:
 - Have been using the art of sculpture from antiquity to fulfill many purposes:1 - Cgred memorial and Tkhalida.2 - Cgred historic.3 - Cgred religious.4 - In some cases, used to identify the most .1.1 daily issues for some usages.However, this latter purpose for uses little of the topics used in addition to other literary topics. * size sculpture: - Ranging from the dimensions of the statue to the different dimensions:1 - After more than normal size to reach the large size and often found in the work of ancient sculpture, especially those associated with architecture such as the Sphinx in ancient Egyptian Pharaonic civilization.2 - After less than normal size to reach a size smaller than normal size, such as currencies.We find that the volume in the art of sculpture influenced career purpose is not the only example: one statue of Khafre is the social and architectural commemorate the greatness of Pharaoh. And sizes are also in the art of sculpture as raw materials available in the studio, the sculptor, and as limited physical capabilities. * Types of Sculpture: - Sculpture is divided into two parts:1 - Independent Sculpture: The vision of the statue which is in all respects.2 - relief sculpture.* Sculpture materials:- Terra-cotta ( Terra Cotta ):One of the oldest materials used in sculpture in prehistoric times, as used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Chinese and the peoples of India on the level of high art. And Tina are processed within the framework of the basic metal and burn way that does not cost much, and are easy to use and where durability is not exposed to damage, corrosion, or cracking, but it can .1.1 Rhea is located upon any collision. Tainat can be used with different colors or by adding layers of paint with glass on the surface of the statue to prove during the second burn in the oven prepared for this normal, or in the oven.- Bronze and other metals ( Bronze and other metals):This material was used after the use of mud for a long period of time, but its history is due back until the Bronze Age itself from 3000-1000 BC. M. And the example can work from the original clay model and then cast metal bronze without any difficulty and can be re-cast several times. The great advantage in that the metal is its ability to cohesion and the bending and non-cracking, or the t .1.1 shows the application of this material clearly in the work of statues in which the curvature or movement.* Brass ( Brace):Of raw materials that were used in the past was knocked to the sheet metal but today it is used in plumbing. And accurately characterized by the glitter of its surface but it turns off if you do not keep well.- Copper Red ( Copper):This metal has many advantages, enabled him to use the periods of history including the viability of the ways to be more softer than brass, and resists corrosion when exposed to the atmosphere, not flying at his brother in law, such as bronze, and by adding metal tin has become the basis for all kinds of bronze, brass and other metals, and convert it to panels such as gold, lead, tin and tin can be shaped to form three-dimensional or three-dimensional forms of relief.* Iron ( Iron):Can be used as raw material from the raw sculpture, but after his ways, which is known as wrought iron or wrought, and is formed by a welding to get the forms have the character of fiction.* Steel and aluminum ( Steel & Aluminium ):The raw materials that followed the emergence of the ancient prehistoric civilizations and different kinds, where the discovery of raw materials is increasing day after day.* Rocks ( Stone ):If stones are more difficult to use for clay that can be easily machined and cast, but it is more Bakaoua of terracotta and are brighter than bronze. In spite of the lack of speed in doing business with stones, they are characterized by strength and rigidity and respond with the current architecture and the best example of those statues and temples carved from basalt or granite stone in the ancient Pharaonic civilization, which survived until now since thousands of years.* Wood ( Wood ):For wood defects and advantages, but disadvantages overwhelm the advantages eroded material is relatively susceptible to cracking due to change of temperature, humidity and arched, and disintegrate as a result of insect attacks licorice. There are also some types of wood require a way to publish and limit the freedom of the artist to the nature of the fibers.On the other hand we find it is lighter than stone, and respond to the severity of the paint, low-cost, and can be easily customized in the forms difficult where there are curves or the deep

Art of Mosaic

Mosaic word were foreign offset in the Arabic language the word mosaic, as we deliberate the two words together when we want to refer to this art, though the word Mosaic Arabic is the best in the significance of the art movement based on the compilation of pieces of stone, ceramic, or a small glass gives finally the desired shape in the form of unique and exquisite.

Has excelled school Byzantine in deepening the art (mosaic) style expressive symbolic, and excelled ARTISTS to use in beautifying churches backgrounds gold and divisions of a very creative design, while tended school romance to a method of academic, so to that enjoyed by patrons of the skill and precision in the formulation and manufacture of crudes glass-cooked, and get the tones too close to each other, so that the viewer of these paintings can not distinguish between them and oil paintings, and there are these wonderful works of art on the walls of buildings, the Church of Rome, the Vatican and various other places in Italy.

 There is no doubt that the art (mosaics) Islam is the most unique and distinctive of all the arts (mosaic), the other, where the unit distinguished itself despite the great variety of beauty and privacy, a physical extension of (14) centuries from spreading across the globe, and the achievement of communication and extension and breadth, played Islamic art played an important role in influencing the civilizations that came after him and still influence tall and is present even now, still overflowing on our civilization contemporary footprints remaining of the Islamic era, the mediator Advanced convey the exquisite form of life and the faces of creativity in that era, which represents the best in geometric accuracy used in the mosques and buildings that remain to us since that era, and continued use even during the era of late medieval Islamic, in the period between the eighth and half-century until the fifteenth century AD.Muslim artist has used a new approach in the art of mosaic is the one who made him cut mosaic forms and distinguish different from the other arts, and this difference was reflected in the best engineering in the pentagonal and hexagonal and other shapes that belong to the general design of different colors.Egypt has seen the finest forms of creativity and innovation in the art of mosaic, especially in works of art that is the use of the geometric patterns, including (niche) with colored marble mosaics. Which shows separately the Islamic mosaic art in the privacy of a very different and unique.In the Maghreb countries are still artists are inspired grandparents, and use patterns, shapes, star and ring and five-and six-and four-forms square made all of the material of marble and porcelain color, so give the assembled forms of dishes asterisk and other Islamic decoration that can be used for many purposes such as domes and niches, walls and floors.

The art of collage

The art of collage - and sometimes is a way (style) and not the art itself - art based on the labeling of many materials together on the storyboard (paper, wood, etc.), articles include anything that resides on the surface of the globe and see the artist suitable for the making of the painting, the art of collage usually called my pain .1.1 d Media (mixed media) is, you make a palette of materials mixed and not from only one substance, these materials could be: tissue paper, Cladding, paper, newspapers or magazines, cards, metals, objects, plastic, cloth , wires, photographs, possible use of material that the artist such as: squamae, feather birds, stones, and can use scrap materials such as: Games neglected, Kitchenware etc. ........
But note the artist that whenever I use purposes is heavier and larger, as I need the panel stronger to carry these things .. the art of collage (as noted from the Mshahdhati to the work of some artists) can be applied practically assemble these materials effectively and composition of the panel, and can be applied digitally through programs Shoveler .1.1, as multiple images can be collected and glued over each other to form the final shape. a
Results of this work really impressive, how to dazzle the use of raw materials to show his idea or drawn. A

 

About the art of ScrapBooking •
The word meaning waste Scraps
Is a clipping different sources is collected and added,
In a coherent form of art which is often known as (the art of collage) ..

This was the hobby has existed for a long time but it has evolved to take different pictures.
He took some one makes this hobby items that reflect the psychological condition,
Through the formation of collage work in a certain way with the addition of personal photos for memories,
And thus ensure the images are saved in memory in a unique and new unlike traditional methods,
Images like the status of traditional albums, and this hobby has grown significantly in recent years and called this art enthusiasts and fans of the title of "Scrappers" or the "Scrapbookers".

The art of decoration

The art of decoration in general is a technical means used in the manufacture and bring beauty to the piece produced, and are elements of plant and engineering as well as forms of birds and animals of the basic components in building decorative art, where the decoration plant or the so-called "art of securitization," the decorations consist of different plant leaves is repeated on a regular basis in the form of single units or grouped.
And spread the use of ornaments in different substantive areas, both in the field of architecture "in decorating the walls and domes," or in the field of metallurgy, "objects of different copper and glass and ceramic" as well as to decorate the pages of books and binding.The decoration of art in metal works produced in the Arab and Islamic region is limited in the field of writing verses and prayers engraved on pots, has begun to appear since the twelfth century, and then appeared floral side by side with images of humans and animals, and more fonts used in these inscriptions are Kufic script line versions, and sometimes write in a concise complex make it difficult to read. In some cases, was decorated registered name and date and place of the decoration.The art of decoration on the use of bone, ivory, coral, and all types of wood, in addition to iron, copper, gold, silver or water, gold, silver, etc., and now the art of decoration and vaccination extends to different areas of the equipment used by man from the furniture, construction, jewelry and precious metals.For the craft silver jewelry, it extends through the tools of the kitchen and cooking utensils to the pieces used in the home décor or the Holders of the dishes and so on.And is famous for many places in the Arab manufactures silver and perhaps foremost, the area of ​​Khan al-Khalili in Cairo, and Damascus in Syria, the Najaf in Iraq, and the city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia.Silver jewelry is classified into two types:1 - Women's JewellerySuch as necklaces, earrings, vests, belts, rings, anklets, bracelets, and other Almkahal, which is characterized by diversity and multiplicity of configurations.2 - the other silver jewelry:Such as daggers and candlesticks, utensils and decorative pieces of domestic "ornamental antiques."The metal silver - a key component in the industry - evidenced by its presence through the presence of antimony "kohl" because it is where they found the silver there with him for the kohl generated vapor essence of silver, to form the more the color of silver, opening, bright as this indicates that the quality and purity and high caliber, and Ala .1.1 whenever dark-colored and shiny as this indicates that the proportion of copper is high and therefore can know the quality of what the average person buys a glance.


There is also silver, Swiss, and there are inlaid with precious stones such as agate, turquoise, coral, this species more popular in the Gulf States, and there is a belief that the strength of silver associated with the age of Masterpiece silver, especially if of a kind antique, there are antiques than one hundred years have been collected from auctions or from ancient palaces and the magic is already getting old foot masterpiece is the most beautiful types of antique silver and Persian Iran in order to avoid fraud and antiques, there are stamp or seal of each determines her masterpiece and history.And industry, silver is a craft with a lot of art and creativity, taste, and was formerly done in certain ways because of the use of rudimentary equipment, where the withdrawal of silver were Baldoalib hand "wheels", while the welding was done by lamp or lamp large directed his fire through the blower inside the tube particular.The manufacturing methods now Vtstaml the Power tools for drag and road and polishing while maintaining a skilled workforce, and this is what distinguishes this industry Wei .1.1 of great value, because it is not possible for the machine to imitate handicraft and therefore, the art and creativity play a key role in the creation of artistic production of silver jewelry.The process of making silver by melting the raw material or silver pain .1.1 Rh is casting alloy, and then pulls the machine in the form of sheets or being divided into parts as needed then is a piece to be produced, and draw them by Altobia then drilling by etching then add the enamel paint or enamel black-known architecture. Intervention in the silver industry, household appliances

Finally, we find that the metal silver has many uses other than jewelry industry known and traded between people or works of art, as this metal is known as stainless steel which makes the demand by the great, and features that reflect the sun's rays are excellent for that silver is used in solar power plants, and in coating a surface glass for the manufacture of mirrors, glass, and that silver stimulates oxygen to kill bacteria is added to the water swimming pools to disinfect often instead of chlorine, and the surgeons tutor to the use of ointment containing one of her vehicle to treat infections of burns skin and also intervened in Osteopathy .1.1 Orh pain and because it is the most important incentives for some chemical reactions are used to that found in large quantities in factories organic materials, and photographic film depends mainly on some amorphous silver salts for detecting optical radiation falling upon and recorded.

Terrible legacy "Everybody Let them show it" voice quartets Salah El Haggar

البوم رباعيات صلاح جاهين

بصوت الفنان علي الحجار

كنز من كنوز الطرب والشعر معآ
Album quartets Salah Jaheen

Voice artist Ali Hajjar

Treasure of the treasures of Tarab and poetry together



Download from here:

التحميل من هنا :ـ

http://adf.ly/3cYyT

Aesthetics of Arab art book

كتاب جماليات الفن العربي

Aesthetics of Arab art book

link

download

http://adf.ly/3vO4v

Learn from the book drawing pencil

Learn from the book drawing pencil

كتاب تعلم الرسم بالقلم الرصاص

LINK


http://adf.ly/3vNrY

Pablo Picasso

Born "Pablo Ruiz Blasco," aka Pablo Picasso in 1881 Pmalqh (Andalusia) and received the configured Technical Perclona, ​​where the mixed effects of the chaotic impact of modern art, and the school before the Avatar Baltobeiria Scandinavian led by Norwegian artist "Edward Manche, and the art of drawing the French influenced by Picasso (especially Paris) for a period of three years, ie between 1900 and 1903.
Scholars and analysts of the path of Picasso's art collecting to being, before the face of a world Cubism, passed through several stages and is rich in terms of themes and techniques of expression, and so we find that his early work, which represent scenes of social and realistic (the dancers, prostitutes, addicts, alcohol ..), take Picasso at the heart of lessons of the pre-expressive (Form Panel Nana in the Picasso Museum in Barcelona) before Bantbaih influenced by Paul Gauguin, Toulouse Le Trek (Panel clown in the Metropolitan Museum in New York as a model).
After that, taken from Picasso's "symbolic inspiration," a reference source characterized the blue phase, which was completed by a group of paintings, almost monochrome (monochrome). Of plate (life) and the painting (heavenly).
In the phase shift, was able to Picasso (from 1906) that draws many of the paintings emotional (clown, knights, women carrying a rose, Acrobat ..) After that, the official decided to stability Picasso in Paris, where he served in a professional (Alebattolafu) in Montmartre .. He was able thanks to the social characteristic of the relations linking the fast with the poet (Abu illuminates) and Paint (Henri Matisse).
As for Picasso's relationship with the cube of expression, it returns to basically influenced by two factors: the ideas of painter Paul Cézanne (who cared a lot-size) and the specifics of Negro sculpture (sculpture nègne).
The Panel (naked women) in the Museum of Modern Art in New York and to a lesser degree plate (Les Demoiselles d'Avignon / Les demoiselles d'Avignon. The same museum), the most famous work, which showed the tendency primitive impose its presence in almost all Abdaaat Picasso, painted his way wide to enter the Cubism .. It is here cut off completely from the photography Picasso academic and classic .. And announcing at the same time, the birth of the pattern of expressive new name: Cubism / Cubisme that did not last, in the history of contemporary art only six years (the shortest stage of the imaging talk) spent Picasso adventure unique, especially with his friend Georges Braque a way to give and things in simplified form and return it to the geometric models in order to give tangible physical presence .. Away from the methods and techniques of traditional perspective ..
In 1917, he was forced Picasso to travel to "Italy because of the war that kept him out for his friend, Barak, and painters (Montmartre) .. and in Rome he met the poet and playwright Jean Cocteau / J. Cocteau, who played a major role in the affected Picasso, the world of theater and dance (ballet .)
After that Picasso was launched in the study of ancient sculpture and Renaissance classical analysis (nostalgia for the traditional heritage). Was completed during the period: the transfer of some of the artist's fee, "Langer" and the formation of a group of sculptures luxury.
Picasso was also influenced by Freud's theories in psychology, where the fee during the nine years. Central product of a very diverse group of paintings that show images of a harsh word and nightmares and whispers Almjohnah (Panel naked women) painted in 1927 and located in the Museum of Modern Art in the United States, and the painting (women carrying balloon). The Panel (Msthamat / P group. And. Cutter New York) Almrsomtin in a 1930.
Starting in 1931, Picasso completed Bmahterv Bwajulu Palace (in Normandy), a group of sculptures in the form of construction made of metal and cut waste and discarded tools .. Known today as the art of assembly .. (See: the new realism, especially with the Ristana Pierre and Armand Klein and ..). Among these innovations (Women in the park) and (Alminotor) code, prostitution and sexual crime.
In 1935, the Picasso print plate (Alminotor stepper) in the (Museum of Modern Art in New York), which is the most important excavation work, and summarizes the best achievements of Picasso's creative to this day.
Algornica and Doramar
"Dig Picasso, who awakened the Spanish war (ethnic and civil) has the political problems in 1937, a painting (the dream of Franco and a lie), and the drawing of the wing Republican in the exhibition for the painting (Guernica) / Guernica painting large T remember bombed small village in the Basque Country by German Air Force, and as they board the only historical set in the twentieth century, as it combines in the form of an epic funeral, and one each of the subjects prior periods (Alminotor, race bulls, the statue the old broken ..) and printed in the beginning phase of the most violent and dark and tragic in the product of the painter, and has introduced Panel (women weeping) - group Penrose in London - which is an echo of Guernica, in his character will have a special importance in the life and the evolution of his art (Doramarr), a photographer young, will become in ten years a fellow of his life, was intended to Picasso through the many images left behind them not only fluctuations in the relationship was stormy, without a doubt, but also through, even tragically funny concern the age and pain: evidenced by the picture (woman) painted in 1942 (or woman on the seat) located in the city of Constan Museum Basel.
We have crossed all the paintings in 1940, as many or few, from the atmosphere of war, such as: (fishing at night) in Antibes (Museum of Modern Art in New York), a panel of the night was carried out for the night start Nazi aggression, and the painting (the woman who adorns herself. Group artist ) and the prison of her body mass in a type of single room, or paintings that represent the nature of the silent or the faces of Ta .1.1 calamities small, daily, or the whispers of food in the years of occupation Klouhat: (Graphic tomatoes), and (beef Alkatlana) and (women bearing artichokes ), and there Thftan summarizing this period: the silent nature and the skull of a bull (the Kunst Museum in Dusseldorf), a work the most tragic and Spanish between the work of Picasso, have been completed after the death of his friend the sculptor (..... John Gonzalez) and (sheep man), a sculpture stands a huge day in the yard Dovaloris a symbol of pain and compassion and solidarity through experience "(Life Arts).
112 French Communist in 1944, Picasso painted some works of art that is reminiscent of political tension has known post-war period: (Panel rubble littered), plate (massacres of Korea), panel (a dove of peace / famous painting Bmalsgaha that has spread throughout the world).
Fluctuations in behavioral
The whole number of analysts and scholars of the personality of Picasso, the most prominent Italian Papin, the fact that the owner of the painting "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" was not worth the fame he gained through Haozth which misled the world when he was crowned as the greatest artist in this century, arguing that instability Creative him (Picasso) Sometimes shall be conducted The classic method Nyuklasyquia, and at other times is the same surreal symbolic .. But went in multiple times to the point Altkaaepien attack (after golden period with Georges Braque) .. Because of his aggression and cruelty of his conduct with his friends, especially women, have accumulated a lot of criticism, and many critics rained titles and ironic words of Picasso monster .. Picasso the artist greed and arrogant .. Enough of my sadistic Picasso ..
Picasso was, according to narrate him the most mistresses Françoise Gilo, violent with his friends and disguised to Vdilhen it .. Vdoramar (photographer and painter surrealism young), which became during the ten years of his life companion passed through difficult periods of the crash, which led her to madness because of Picasso abandoned her after he attacked her, accusing it of poor understanding of the surreal, although pro Aillwar Paul / Paul ELUARD her .. While Aant Marie Therese (her frequent gifts) which were not known to be pessimistic sense of acute stress due to the actions of the immoral excesses of Picasso ..
The Zafarana his first wife, she ended her life crazy roaming the streets and cafes of France, looking for him everywhere .. Even his second wife Jacqueline were not better than the first and proceeded Zafarana (retaliation) to commit suicide because of repeated infidelity which characterized the behavior of Picasso.
The long-behavioral deviation, even some members of the family of Picasso, His son Paolo, who was working as a driver for him and his family became addicted to alcohol, drugs, and his grandson Pablito known as the end of the terrible eating a bowl (bleach) on the funeral of Picasso.
It is noteworthy that Picasso, arrested in 1911 on suspicion of theft of the Mona Lisa "was using the women Almtaaonat in his art, although his treatment of the strike by chance it was done in order to note a close eye on their faces, the effect of jealousy and hysteria and pain of abandonment, then they may be accounted for also feature paintings warm reflecting the completion of sexual and motherly love. "
Despite these fluctuations and behavioral fluctuations in the positions and transactions that have characterized most of his life, he knew Picasso stable emotionally (but interim) extended between 946 and 1953 (ie the period marital spent with Francoise Gilo) Wang .1.1 the static creativity where the drawing board (women and Venus ), and panel (maternity orange), but this stability soon to change because of a conflict is expected between Picasso and Françoise Gilo ended Pfrac secluded himself Picasso because of him in the circle of isolation and became his art surprising and puzzles (Panel Women Algeria - 1955) and plate (escort - 1957) and the painting (food on the grass, 1961). However, the Picasso "will live" again - as commented on this one art critics - location, ending the series of isolation and contraction, where he established in 1968 exposed a huge show in which he did not lose any of its vitality and fertility of his creation and his zeal in questioning the mysteries of the artwork .. . And five years later (ie in 1937) died the age of Picasso's life for nearly 92 years, making it the departure of one of the most prominent symbols of modern art

بابلو بيكاسو

ولد "بابلو رويز بلاسكو" الملقب باسم بابلو بيكاسو عام 1881 بمالقة (الأندلس) وتلقى تكوينه الفني بيرشلونة، حيث كانت تختلط التأثيرات الفوضوية بتأثير الفن الحديث، وبالمدرسة ما قبل الرمزية وبالتعبيرية الاسكندنافية التي كان يقودها الفنان النرويجي "إدوارد مانش، وبفن الرسم الفرنسي الذي تأثر به بيكاسو (خصوصا بباريس) لمدة ثلاث سنوات أي بين عامي 1900 و 1903.

الدارسون والمحللون لمسيرة بيكاسو الفنية يجمعون على كونه، قبل ولوجه عالم التكعيبية، مر من مراحل متعددة وغنية من حيث المواضيع والتقنيات التعبيرية وهكذا نجد أن أعماله الأولى، التي تمثل مشاهد اجتماعية وواقعية (الراقصات، العاهرات، مدمني الخمر..)، أخذها بيكاسو من صميم دروس ما قبل التعبيرية (نموذج لوحة نانا الموجودة في متحف بيكاسو ببرشلونة) قبل أن يتأثر بانطباعية بول غوغان وتولوز لو تريك (لوحة المهرج الموجودة بمتحف الميتروبوليتان بنيويورك كنموذج).

بعد ذلك، اتخذ بيكاسو من "رمزية الاستلهام" مصدرا مرجعيا ميز مرحلته الزرقاء التي أنجز خلالها مجموعة من اللوحات شبه أحادية اللون (monochrome). منها لوحة (الحياة) ولوحة (السماوية).

وفي مرحلته الوردية، استطاع بيكاسو (انطلاقا من 1906) أن يرسم العديد من اللوحات العاطفية (المهرج، الفارسات، المرأة حاملة الوردة، البهلوان..) بعد ذلك، قرر بيكاسو الاستقرار الرسمي بباريس، حيث شغل محترفا في ( الباتولافو) في مونمارتر.. واستطاع بفضل اجتماعية التي يتميز بها أن يربط علاقات سريعة مع الشاعر (أبو لينير) والرسام (هنري ماتيس).

أما عن علاقة بيكاسو مع التعبير التكعيبي فإنها تعود بالأساس إلى تأثره بعاملين اثنين: أفكار الرسام بول سيزان (الذي اهتم كثيرا بالحجم الطبيعي) وخصوصيات النحت الزنجي (sculpture nègne).

وتعتبر لوحة (نساء عاريات) الموجودة في متحف الفن الحديث بنيويورك وبدرجة أقل لوحة (آنسات أفنيون / Les demoiselles d’Avignon. نفس المتحف)، من أشهر الأعمال التي أظهرت النزعة البدائية التي ستفرض وجودها في جل إبداعاات بيكاسو، والتي رسمت له طريقا عريضا لولوج التكعيبية .. ومن هنا انقطع بيكاسو كليا عن التصوير الأكاديمي والكلاسيكي.. ومعلنا في الآن نفسه، عن ميلاد نمط تعبيري جديد اسمه: التكعيبية / Cubisme التي لم تدم، في تاريخ الفن المعاصر سوى ستة أعوام (وهي أقصر مرحلة من مراحل التصوير الحديث) قضاها بيكاسو بمغامرة فريدة خصوصا مع صديقه جورج براك سبيلا في إعطاء وتقديم الأشياء في صورة مبسطة وإعادتها إلى مجسمات هندسية بغية منحها وجودها الفيزيائي الملموس.. بعيدا عن أساليب وتقنيات المنظور التقليدي..

وفي عام 1917، أرغم بيكاسو على السفر إلى "إيطاليا بسبب الحرب التي أبعدته عن صديقه براك، وعن رسامي (مونمارتر).. وبروما التقى مع الشاعر والكاتب المسرحي جان كوكتو / J.Cocteau الذي لعب دورا كبيرا في تأثر بيكاسو بعالم المسرح والرقص (الباليه).

بعد ذلك انطلق بيكاسو في دراسة النحت القديم وتحليل كلاسيكية النهضة (الحنين إلى التراث التقليدي). وقد أنجز خلال تلك الفترة: نقل بعض رسوم الفنان "انغر" وتشكيل مجموعة من المنحوتات الفخمة .

كما تأثر بيكاسو بنظريات فرويد في علم النفس، حيث رسم خلال تسع سنوات. وسط نتاج جد متنوع، مجموعة من اللوحات التي تثبت صورا قاسية وفظة من الكوابيس والوساوس المجونية (لوحة نساء عاريات) المرسومة عام 1927 والموجودة في متحف الفن الحديث بالولايات المتحدة، ولوحة (المرأة حاملة البالون). ولوحة (مستحمات/ مجموعة ف.و. كاتر نيويورك) المرسومتين عام a 1930.

وبدءا من سنة 1931، أنجز بيكاسو بمحترف قصر بواجولو (في النورماندي) مجموعة من المنحوتات على شكل إنشاءات مصنوعة من المعادن المقطعة والنفايات والأدوات المهملة.. والتي تعرف اليوم باسم فن التجميع.. (راجع: الواقعية الجديدة خصوصا مع بيير ريستاني وارمان وكلاين..). ومن بين هذه الإبداعات (المرأة في الحديقة) و(المينوتور) رمز الدعارة والإجرام الجنسي.

وفي عام 1935، قام بيكاسو بطباعة لوحة (المينوتور السائر) الموجودة في (متحف الفن الحديث بنيويورك)، والتي تعتبر أهم أعمال الحفر، وتلخص أفضل إنجازات بيكاسو الإبداعية حتى يومنا هذا.

الغورنيكا ودورامار

"حفر بيكاسو، الذي أيقظت الحرب الإسبانية (العرقية والأهلية) لديه المشاكل السياسية في عام 1937، لوحة (حلم فرانكو وكذبه)، ورسم للجناح الجمهوري في المعرض العالمي لوحة (غورنيكا) / Guernica اللوحة الواسعة لتي تذكر بقصف قرية صغيرة في مقاطعة الباسك من قبل الطيران الألماني، وبما أنها اللوحة التاريخية الوحيدة المرسومة في القرن العشرين، فهي تجمع في صورة ملحمة جنائزية واحدة بعضها من موضوعات الفترات السابقة (المينوتور، سباق الثيران، التمثال القديم المحطم..) وتطبع بداية المرحلة الأكثر عنفا وظلاما ومأساوية في نتاج الرسام، ولقد أدخلت لوحة (المرأة الباكية) - مجموعة بنروز في لندن - والتي هي صدى لغورنيكا، في عمله شخصية سيكون لها أهمية خاصة في حياة وتطور فنه (دورامارر)، وهي مصورة فوتوغرافية شابة، ستغدو خلال سنوات عشر رفيقة حياته، فقد قصد بيكاسو عبر العديد من الصور التي خلفها عنها ليس فقط تقلبات علاقة كانت عاصفة دون ريب، ولكنه عبر أيضا، ولو بشكل مأساوي مضحك عن قلق العصر وألمه : يشهد على ذلك صورة (امرأة) المرسومة عام 1942 أو (امرأة على مقعد) الموجودة بمتحف كونستان في مدينة بال.

ولقد عبرت جميع اللوحات المرسومة خلال عام 1940، بقدر كثير أو قليل، عن جو الحرب مثل : (صيد السمك في الليل) في أنتيب (متحف الفن الحديث بنيويورك) وهي لوحة ليلية نفذها ليلة بدء العدوان النازي، ولوحة (المرأة التي تتزين. مجموعة الفنان) والتي سجن جسمها الضخم في نوع من غرفة منفردة، أو اللوحات المعبرة عن طبيعة صامتة أو وجوه تع.1.1 المصائب اليومية الصغيرة، أو وساوس الغذاء في سنوات الاحتلال كلوحات: (مخطط البندورة)، و(لحم البقر الكاتلاني) و(المرأة حاملة الخرشوف)، وهناك تحفتان تلخصان هذه الفترة وهما: الطبيعة الصامتة وجمجمة ثور (متحف كونست في دوسلدورف)، وهو العمل الأكثر إسبانية ومأساوية بين أعمال بيكاسو، وقد أنجزت بعد موت صديقه النحات (.....يو غونزاليس) و (الرجل الخروف) وهي منحوتة ضخمة تنتصب ليوم في ساحة دوفالوريس رمزا للألم والشفقة والتضامن من خلال التجربة" (الحياة التشكيلية).

112 الشيوعي الفرنسي عام 1944، ورسم بيكاسو بعض الأعمال الفنية التي تذكر بالتوتر السياسي الذي عرفته فترة ما بعد الحرب: (لوحة ركام جثت)، لوحة (مجازر كوريا)، لوحة (حمامة السلم / اللوحة الشهيرة بملصقها الذي انتشر في العالم بأسره).

تذبذبات سلوكية

لقد أجمع العديد من المحللين والدارسين لشخصية بيكاسو وأبرزهم الإيطالي بابيني، كون صاحب لوحة "آنسات أفنيون" لم يكن يستحق الشهرة التي اكتسبها بفضل شعوذته التي ضلل بها العالم حين تم تتويجه كأعظم فنان في هذا القرن معللين ذلك بعدم الاستقرار الإبداعي عنده (بيكاسو) فتارة ينهج أسلوبا كلاسيكيا ونيوكلاسيكيا، وتارة أخرى يعتبر نفسه سرياليا رمزيا.. بل ذهب في فترات متعددة إلى حد مهاجمة التكعيبيين (بعد مرحلة ذهبية مع جورج براك).. وبسبب عدوانيته وقسوة سلوكه مع أصدقائه خصوصا النساء منهم، فقد تراكمت عليه انتقادات كثيرة، وأمطره العديد من النقاد ألقابا وأقوالا ساخرة منها بيكاسو الوحش.. بيكاسو الفنان الجشع والمغرور.. كفى سادية يا بيكاسو..

كان بيكاسو، بحسب ما ترويه عنه أبرز عشيقاته فرانسواز جيلو، عنيفا مع صديقاته ومتنكرا لفضلهن عليه.. فدورامار (المصورة الفوتوغرافية والرسامة السوريالية الشابة ) التي غدت خلال سنوات عشر رفيقة حياته مرت بفترات صعبة من الانهيار الذي أدى بها إلى الجنون بسبب هجر بيكاسو لها بعد أن هاجمها متهما إياها بسوء فهمها للسوريالية رغم مناصرة بول إيلوار / Paul ELUARD لها.. بينما عانث ماري تيريز (صاحبة الهدايا المتكررة) التي لم تكن تعرف للتشاؤم معنى من اضطرابات نفسية حادة نظرا لتصرفات وتجاوزات بيكاسو اللاأخلاقية..

أما أولكا زوجته الأولى فقد أنهت حياتها مجنونة تجوب شوارع ومقاهي فرنسا، تبحث عنه في كل مكان.. وحتى زوجته الثانية جاكلين لم تكن أفضل من الأولى أولكا حيث أقدمت (انتقاما) على الانتحار بسبب الخيانة الزوجية المتكررة التي ميزت سلوك بيكاسو.

وقد طال الانحراف السلوكي حتى بعض أفراد عائلة بيكاسو، فابنه باولو الذي كان يعمل سائقا له ولأسرته أصبح مدمنا على تناول الكحول والمخدرات وحفيده بابليتو عرف نهاية مرعبة إذ تناول وعاء (جافيل) يوم جنازة بيكاسو.

ويذكر أن بيكاسو، المعتقل عام 1911 بشبهة سرقة لوحة الموناليزا "كان يستعمل النساء المتعاونات في فنه وإن كانت معاملته من تصيب بالصدفة فقد كان يفعل ذلك من أجل أن يلاحظ عن كثب على وجوههن مفعول الغيرة والهستيريا وألم الهجر، ثم أنهن قد شكلن أيضا مواضيع اللوحات الدافئة التي تجسد الاكتمال الجنسي والحب الأمومي".

ورغم هذه التذبذبات السلوكية والتقلبات في المواقف والمعاملات التي ميزت جل أطوار حياته، فقد عرف بيكاسو استقرارا عاطفيا (ولكنه مرحلي) امتد بين عامي 946 و1953 (أي الفترة الزوجية التي قضاها مع فرانسواز جيلو) انع.1.1 على سكونية إبداعه حيث رسم لوحة (المرأة والزهرة)، ولوحة (أمومة البرتقال ) غير أن هذا الاستقرار ما لبث أن تبدل بسبب حدوث صراع غير متوقع بني بيكاسو وفرانسواز جيلو انتهى بفراق انزوى بيكاسو بسببه في دائرة العزلة وأصبح فنه يثير الغرابة والألغاز (لوحة نساء الجزائر - 1955) ولوحة (المرافقات - 1957)، ولوحة (الغذاء على العشب 1961). إلا أن بيكاسو "سيحيا" من جديد - كما علق على ذلك أحد النقاد الفنيين - موقعا بذلك حدا لمسلسل العزلة والانكماش حيث أنه أقام عام 1968 معرضا هائلا أظهر من خلاله على أنه لم يفقد شيئا من حيويته وخصوبة ابتكاره وحماسته في استنطاق أسرار العمل الفني... وبعد ذلك بخمسة أعوام (أي عام 1937) فارق بيكاسو الحياة عن سن يناهز 92 عاما ليكون بذلك رحيل أحد أبرز رموز الفن الحديث.